The concepts of morality and ethos are basic ones in ethical studies.However,there is significant difference of acknowledging these two concepts between the West and East in the view of history of thoughts.With the modernization,orientals have had to experience the changing of their traditional concept so that they can adapt to the new world and theory systems.After a few drawbacks and failures,modern Japan has caught up with western colleagues.

本文简要地描述了改革开放以来我国大众传播业发展的基本轨迹,探讨了我国媒介业生存法则的变迁,强调了有效地占有当前的传播市场对于主流传媒的极其重要性,提出了在现阶段传媒产业的发展中,知道“在哪做”和知道“做什么”是比知道“怎么做”更重要的战略思考,并就什么样的媒体投资才是有效的这一我国媒体产业现实发展的关键问题做出了自己的判断。

Self-efficacy refers to a person's self-beliefs in his or her ability to perform specific tasks.It has four major sources: enactive attainment,vicarious experience,verbal persuasion and emotional arousal state.One's self-efficacy can affect his choice of activities and environments,level of motivation.Self-efficacy often plays an important role in improving people's work performance,motivation and attitude.

It must be admitted that Freud has eventually failed to reveal the essence of the unconscious though he had attempted to interpret it alternatively from the topographical,economic and dynamic points of viewIt is on the basis of his contribution and beginning from his failure that Jacques Lacan asserts “the unconscious is the Others discourse”However,it is impossible for us to truly understand this dictum unless we first grasp why Lacan claims “the unconscious is structured like a language” and what this kind of structure isGiven that the unconscious is a particular discourse,we have to further ask whose discourse it isFor this reason,we find ourselves facing another fundamental discovery of psychoanalysis,the alienation and division of the subject,which is proved far more essential for us to understand Lacans another dictum,namely“mans desire is the desire of the Other”However,who is the Other? This is the last problem this paper has to overcome

新中国成立以来，国内学界对国家安全问题进行了持续分析，国家安全认知研究从“传统的二元”向“非传统的无穷大”转变，国家安全理论范式研究从马克思主义“一元主导”向“多元主义”探讨转变；国家安全挑战研究从“意识形态冲突”向“内外多重动因”转变；国家安全战略研究从“扁平化”向“立体化”转变，为推进我国国家安全战略的发展和完善提供了坚实的智力支撑。当前国内相关研究还存在一些问题，如内容过于集中、研究视角和研究力量过于单一、缺乏足够的实证分析等。应进一步强化问题意识，提升国家安全问题研究的针对性，整合研究力量，加强实证和多学科分析，在全面把握当下国际国内局势的基础上，不断促进该领域研究的深化发展。

适应客观形势发展需要,国务院在今年初颁布了《失业保险条例》,这是加强失业保险制度建设,全面推进失业保险工作的重大举措。与《条例》实施前的有关规定相比,《条例》对失业保险的覆盖范围、基金筹集、缴费比例、待遇标准、享受条件、基金支出、管理监督等方面进行了重大改革, 作出了新的规定。

Using the data from the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability,this essay analyzes the present employment situation of the disabled in China.Four factors including health condition and educational level of the disabled,social security status and regional economic development are the main factors determining the employment.With the method of principal component analysis,the paper discusses the factors which influence regional employment disparity of the disabled covering economic situation,industrial structure and social security.Finally,some policy recommendation are proposed to promote the employment of the disabled in China,such as strengthening rehabilitation programs,improving their educational levels and encouraging the disabled to start their own business to realize more employment.

he criticism upon traditional security study was greatly increased in 1980s when the Cold War was coming to its later periodScholars from both sides of the Atlantic participated in the debate,making their contributions to redefining securityHowever by the end of 1990s,the split in security study across the Atlantic has become obviousCritical approaches to security study in Europe were developing more vigorously,which largely reshaped the security study in Europe,and differentiated this subfield of IR in European from that of the US in terms of ontology and research agenda programCopenhagen,Paris and Aberystwyth are the three major locations and branches of European critical security studiesThey manifest the Europeanness and constitute the key components of European school of security theory in an American field

The significant reallife value of Marxist theory of artistic production has been accepted and developed by not only western but also Chinese literary theoristsThe artistic production expounded by Marx is unfolding multidimensionally in the contemporary world，being demonstrated as the artistic production in aesthetic creation，ideologies，and art industriesPresenting several new features，the imbalanced development of artistic production pointed out by Marxist literary theories has been greatly changed：on the one hand，the imbalance between the development of traditional artistic production and that of material production continuedOn the other，new phenomena has emerged from the imbalanced development of factors interior of the artistic productionNew variations have also taken place in the relationship between artistic production and artistic consumption in Marxist theories commercial value and cultural value are both taken care of in the artistic production，and multiple value functions are realized in artistic consumption

Foucault views power as a constructive element of society, and changes the concept of power from multiple directions. Reasons domination is a core theme in Foucault critical theory of power, which differs fundamentally from the theory of power in Marxs economics critique. Foucaults theory of power displays the typical features of postmodern political theory and leads the basic direction of contemporary political thought

As the earliest civil service examination in the world,the imperial examination has very important influence on the western civil service system.Based on the improvement of the imperial examination,the modern civil service system was established in western countries.The relation between the imperial examination and western civil system became a main aspect for the traditional Chinese culture to exert influence on foreign countries.

Radical Western Scholars expanded further Marx's Theory of Labor Process since 1970s and thought capitalist labor process in the phrase of Fordism.There are much inner flaws in the Fordist labor process based on the Flow Line Production and collectively negotiation between capitalist and labor union,which led to Fordist Crisis.The crisis gave birth to the transition from Fordism to Post-Fordism,which made capitalist productive relations great changes.

As a value judgment, social equity is based on the equity of interests. In transitional China, social equity has been absorbing public concern increasingly and China is moving to a new era which pays more attention to social equity. This paper contends that the economic growth will not lead to social equity automatically and the unbalanced interests resulted in the weakening social equity sense of people. So, in order to promote social equity, the government should remove the institutional discrimination in public policies; strengthen the implementation education welfare policy and equal employment opportunity policy, and improve the income distribution and social security system.

The order of income distribution is the result of behavior in distributing social products by the subjects A rational order of income distribution has a set of characteristics, such as a rational pattern of distribution, a rational formation of income, a rational structure of income, a rational income growth mechanism, and the transparency of revenue and expenditure The overlarge gap of income in China at present is closely relative to the chaos in the order of income distribution Thus, in reforming the system of income distribution and shortening the gap of income, it must be done at first hand to standardize the behaviors of governments, enterprises, and markets An open and transparency, fair and rational order of income distribution remains us to make great efforts on such respects as the pattern of distribution, the formation of income, the structure of income, the income promotion, and the transparency of revenue and expenditure.

Legal protection of the cultural heritage begins in modern western countries and presents codification and systematization trend since modern times.France's cultural heritage law has undergone the development of more than two hundred years and has evolved a perfect and typical legal protection system,which centering on CODE DU PATRIMOINE and composed mainly of intangible cultural heritage protection.The article laid special stress on analyzing the principal characters of France's cultural heritage law and summarizes its experiences in legislative system,institution design and application of ideas,and it also evaluates the reference value for China combined with current legal protection status of cultural heritage.

"The Death of the Author "and "What Is an Author?"are two most influential essays in modern author theory,leading to fierce debate concerning the death and the resurrection of the author,among the debate there appears the ambiguity and even confusion of the author concept.It is of great theoretical significance to prove the co-existence of the two "author(s)"and clarify the difference of the author in text interpretation and the writer in realistic life.There have been various images of the writer in the history of critical theory,and the writer has been attacked and defended in different ways.The resurrection of the writer can be based on three aspects :the theory of the writer,the criticism of the writer,and the ecology of the writer,each with relevant resources,methodology and resolution.It matters to respond to "What matter who's speaking",aquotation by Foucault at the end of his essay,as for the resurrection of the writer in contemporary critical theory.

People with disabilities are a special group which especially need the support of social security system.Although China's high economic growth has earned worldwide praise,people with disabilities in China have not been protected by social security system adequately.Among the reasons for the underdevelopment of social security system for people with disabilities,the most important factors are as follows: the traditional view which attributes the care responsibility of people with disabilities solely to families,the underdevelopment of social security system which leads the national well-being not to increase at the same rate with economic growth,the absence of integrated social security system strategy which institutional design does not account for people with disabilities,and the absence of planning of social protection for people with disabilities.As the economic develops,it is time to promote the social security system for people with disabilities.In order to do so,the care responsibility of people with disabilities should be shared among the state,the society and the family;the development concept that national well-being should increase at the same rate as the economic growth should be established;the social security programs targeting at people with disabilities should be appropriately planned and designed in social security system,especially should accord with other programs.With the support and collaboration from government sector and non-government sector,the social protection system for people with disabilities,with the social welfare programs for people with disability as its core,should be based on the social security system targeting at average people,and supplemented by employment programs.

Social contract theory provides an analysis framework for understanding the social obligation of the enterprise.In this framework,the enterprise organization gets validity through the social contract with society,and the enterprise social obligation is stipulated by a series of social contract.The contract relationship between enterprise and society stipulates the enterprise obliged to obey the contract,and requests the enterprise behavior to meet the expectation of society and help social and economic improvement.The enterprise and social contract varies owing to the change of social environment,which changes the behavior strategies of the participants and forms new contract by means of repetitive game.

要讨论全球化的性质,首先应该区分两种不同性质的全球化:即当前的现实的全球化和未来的理想的全球化。发展中国家和社会主义国家要积极应对全球化的挑战,就必须对全球化的性质有全面的足够的认识,对全球化给本国可能带来的利弊得失有符合实际的估计,对本国融入全球化有充分的准备,制定趋利避害的切实措施,为维护发展中国家的共同利益、为争取建立平等互利的国际经济秩序而团结一致地进行有效的斗争。

There are two main legal models which are concerned with intangible cultural heritages.One is in public law which provides an improving environment for intangible cultural heritage conservation,and the other is in private law which provides the protection on intangible cultural heritage.By comparison with the two models,the author presents the disadvantages of the private law model,and points out this model can not meet the needs of long term interests of China.