This paper studies the connotation, essence, and evaluation criteria of the original academic theories in the field of Chinese philosophy and social sciences with ten examples as such based on the paper keyword data of Selected Materials by Renmin University of China from 1995 to 2023 and other sourcesThe paper argues that the evaluation of original academic theories should focus on examining whether academic theories possess five general characteristics (new perspectives, new interpretations, new conclusions, new systems, and new applications) and two essential characteristics (new breakthroughs and new leadership)It finds that all the ten examples play exemplary roles in original innovation in verifying the rationality and effectiveness of the evaluation criteria for original academic theoriesThis study also reveals the lack of innovation in contemporary Chinese philosophy and social science theoriesThus, this paper suggests that scholars should pay more attention to original academic theories, academic journals should improve their ability to identify and disseminate original academic theories, the departments of research management should increase targeted investment in original research, and the institutions of academic evaluation should accelerate the construction of an originality-oriented academic evaluation system,to further enhance the subjectivity and originality of academic theories in the field of Chinese philosophy and social sciences.

As a critical branch of socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics, Marxist Humanomics investigates how cultural dynamics drive regional economic growth and enables synergistic development between culture and economyIn rejecting simplistic views that either abstractly idealize individualism or conflate humanistic economics with Humanomics economics, this discipline employs materialist dialectics and historical materialism as its theoretical coreIt synthesizes diverse analytical approaches—from foundational principles to systemic frameworks, from contextual variations to institutional mechanisms, and from theoretical constructs to empirical validations—to make its ownBy interrogating the interplay of cultural economization (the commodification of culture) and economic culturalization (the cultural embedding of economic practices) within market systems, its study foregrounds the reproduction of social relations inherent in these processesThree pivotal functions of culture in social production are identified in this subject: fostering regional comparative advantages through cultural factors, mediating universal needs within capital accumulation regimes, and optimizing economic efficiency via socially embedded norms. These insights contribute a scientific and practical roadmap for advancing Chinese modernization that prioritizes the harmony of material progress and spiritual enrichment.

Economic ethics determine the motivations behind economic behavior. A nations economic ethics stem from its cultural value systemTherefore, there exists a general pattern in economics that can be dubbed as the “culturalethicaleconomic behavior” In the context of Chinese culture, this pattern manifests itself as the following logical structure:  heavenbenevolencerighteousnessprofitThe practice of benevolence leads to the understanding of heavenAn individual achieves ultimate his spiritual care and fulfillment through moral selfawarenessDwelling in humaneness and acting according to righteousness means the alignment of human conduct with the universally valid moral demandsThe pursuit of profit through righteousness ensures sustainable economic development guided by proper valuesUtilizing resources for the benefit of life speaks of the goal of development to maximize the use of material resources and improve peoples livelihoodOne of the debates raging on in modern Chinese intellectual circles is whether inner sagehood can lead to outer kingliness or notThat is, can a culture rooted in moral cultivation meet the needs of the development of a nation? This study argues that Chinese culture promotes economic development and, in the economic domain, inner sagehood leads to outer kingliness.

The system of global economic governance is undergoing profound restructuring, with subsidies and countervailing measures emerging as a focal point in international strategic competitionsWithin highstandard international trading rules, the discipline of subsidy demonstrates four distinct trendsregionalization of frameworks, expansion of regulatory scope, differentiation of regulated entities, and comprehensiveness of remedy mechanisms—presenting both opportunities and challenges that demanda dialectical approachChina must simultaneously support the modernization of disciplines of subsidy while contributing to the establishment of fair, mutually beneficial international trading rules, and advance the vision of a community with a shared future for mankind to counter unilateralism and protectionism while eliminating inequitable institutional arrangements to safeguard developing countriesinterestsThis requires the implement of a dual strategy that coordinates both domestic and foreignrelated rule of law through a threephase internalizationadaptationcontribution model: incorporating the competitive neutrality principle into Chinas legal framework, constructing a policy system of marketcompatible subsidy, and actively participating in reforming international trading rulesBy doing so, China can promote new developments in the discipline of subsidy aligned with the vision of a shared future, ultimately facilitating the establishment of a more equitable, inclusive, and beneficial system of global economic governance.

The anti-sanction mechanism for data security constitutes a vital part of Chinas antisanction legal system and is closely related to the establishment of the national security mechanism in foreignrelated affairsChina is required to systematically construct a legal system in this domain centering on the normative system and implementing mechanism of antisanction for data securityThe normative system for antisanction on data security in China lacks a distinct normative consensus, and the relevant norms lack mutual interactionThe construction of the normative system in this area demands a leading role played by Chinas Foreign Relations Law, a central role played by the AntiForeign Sanctions Law, and the overall planning and connection of the Data Security Law, the Measures for the Security Review of Foreign Investment, the Measures for the Security Review of Network, and the AntiForeign Sanctions LawThe implementing mechanism for data security in China are confronted by such issues as an ambiguous triggering mechanism and indistinct implementing subjectsThe antisanction implementing mechanism for data security needs to incorporate the theory of national security studies, construct a systematic triggering mechanism at various levels, and simultaneously establish a“divisionintegrationdivision”implementing mechanism for effective coordination between the leading department and the implementing department.

Maintaining a stable manufacturing proportion within its economy constitutes a crucial policy objective of the Chinese governmentIn recent years, China has witnessed a continuous decline in the proportion of its manufacturing sector, indicating a significant trend toward deindustrializationUtilizing the data of a number of cities, this article examines the impact and mechanisms of deindustrialization on economic growthIt reveals that premature deindustrialization characterized by an underdeveloped manufacturing sector significantly hinders economic growthThe analysis further indicates that the constrained expansion of the manufacturing sector and the reduced factor productivity constitute two primary mechanisms through which premature deindustrialization slows down economic growthThis article also demonstrates that the effects of premature deindustrialization are more pronounced in the central and western regionsHowever, by expanding the scale of the manufacturing sector, regional industrial transfer can alleviate these negative effects in less developed areasThese findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the scale, mechanism, and responses related to premature deindustrialization, and provide empirical insights for implementing the manufacturing powerhouse strategy to promote highquality development in Chinas manufacturing sector.

he reconstruction of global value chain is a significant feature of the current world economyBeing deeply integrated into the labordivision network of global value chain becomes an important starting point for enterprises to enhance their competitivenessBased on the new structural economic theory, this article uses the threedimensional data including the country, the industry, and the year factors from 2007 to 2023 to examine the internal mechanism of the distance of global value chain between China and the host countries affecting the multinational mergers and acquisitions of Chinese enterprisesThe results show that the positive distance of global value chain helps promote the multinational mergers and acquisitions of Chinese enterprises characterized as reverse mergers and acquisitionsThe effect of mergers and acquisitions of the positive distance of global value chain is concentrated in capitalintensive and technologyintensive industries, nonstateowned enterprises, and developed countriesThe distance of global value chain influences Chinas overseas mergers and acquisitions mainly through the channels emphasizing technology and efficiencyThe extended test finds that the institutional distance, political distance, and cultural distance between China and the host countries weaken the positive effect of the distance of global value chain.

To achieve highquality development of trade requires the enhancement of the export quality of enterprisesThis article constructs a theoretical analytical framework to explain the impact of debt expansion by local government financing vehicle (LGFV) on the export quality of enterprises and its logical mechanismsIt proposes the main theoretical hypothesis and then examines it by using the matched data including that of the LGFV debt, the China Industrial Enterprise Database, and the China Customs Import and Export DatabaseThis study finds that the expansion of the LGFV debt has a negative impact on the export quality of enterprises primarily resulting from the crowdingout effect of the LGFV debt on credit resources and the inhibitory impact on the export investment of the enterprises through promoting the prosperity of the real estate industryThe adverse effects of the LGFV debt on the export quality are more pronounced in general trade products and nonstateowned enterprises, and the expansion of the LGFV debt also hinders the overall improvement of the export quality at the municipal level

It is a great tradition for the Communist Party of China to strongly stress the study of philosophy and social sciencesIn the main literature of the Party, the concept of “philosophy and social sciences” is an important theoretical innovation achieved in the process of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the timesFrom Marx and Engels “historical sciences” to Lenins “philosophy” and “social sciences”,from the “new social sciences” during Chinas democratic revolution period to the current “independent knowledge system of Chinese philosophy and social sciences”,there has formed a conceptual lineage with inherent theoretical inheritance and clear evolutionary logic that has undergone more than a hundred years of evolution and continuously enriched and extended over timeIn the newdemocratic revolution period, the study of philosophy and social sciences has made preliminary constructions in terms of its connotation and logical structure, and has developed an independent knowledge system with Chinese style and ethosThe independent knowledge system of Chinese philosophy and social sciences adheres to the essence of the concept of “historical sciences” put forward by Marx and Engels, and represents the logical development and theoretical continuation of “historical sciences” in China

Besides being a renowned poet, Du Fu also excelled in fu rhapsodic writingTo a certain extent, his reputation as a fu rhapsodic writer even overshadowed his fame as a poet during his lifetimeThese two forms affected each other in Du Fus literary writingDu Fus fu rhapsodic writing influences his poetic writing in three aspects: its poetic layout, compositional technique, and authorial intentionIn terms of the layout of Du Fus poetic writing, his poems transit from shorter to longer pieces including groups of interlinked verses, a visible characteristic reflected in his fu rhapsodic writingIn terms of the poetic compositional techniques, Du Fus poems adopt that of his fu rhapsodic writing in its narrative flow and management of time and spaceAs for the display of the authorial intention, Du Fus fu rhapsodic writing inspires his poetic writing in elevating his passion for his family and stateThis observation not only provides a way to explain the innovation of Du Fus poetic writing, but also help us to understand the changes in poetic writing from the Tang to the Song dynasties

Comparing the “Dao Zhi” piece included in the collection of writings on bamboo strips excavated from Zhangjiashan with the transmitted “Dao Zhi” chapter included in the Zhuangzi, one would find that it is not uncommon to spot errors of different kinds here and there in a text during the process of its circulationScholars and scribes continuously collate and revise the received texts in an attempt to restore their original formsA written text would also be constantly modified in the process of its transmission so as to be understood more easilyWhen the “Dao Zhi” piece that was originally transmitted as an independent textual unit like what we see on the bamboo strips excavated from Zhangjiashan was later incorporated into a larger textual unit, it would be constantly rewritten to fit the new, mostly thinking contextAs a result, the early form of this text would be changed again and again accordinglyHowever different from its early form, this text remains relatively stable in its own textual and cultural traditionsThe comparison of the Zhangjiashan “Dao Zhi” and the Zhuangzi“Dao Zhi” texts forcefully illustrates this pointFor this reason, we cannot just brush off the sense of consistency and stability within early Chinese texts simply because of the modifications occurring in the process of their transmission

Act-Utilitarianism faces many stern criticismsIn order to respond to these objections, actutilitarians attempt to distinguish the actutilitarianism as a criterion to differentiate rightness from wrongness and that as a procedure of decisionmakingSuch an attempt separates the theoretical base of actutilitarianism from its practical functionThe theoretical base of actutilitarianism gives a criterion through which morally right and wrong actions can be distinguished, and sets the aim to be pursuedThe practical function of actutilitarianism concerns how to fulfil the moral criterion, the aim defined by the theoretical base of actutilitarianism as well as the selection of method, strategy, and approachThe theoretical base and practical function of actutilitarianism are related, but they are different from each other and one cannot simply conflate one with the otherBased on this distinction, actutilitarians argue that actutilitarianism does not require agents to carry out utilitarian calculation and comparison prior to every action, but instead stresses the importance of moral rules, dispositions, or character in ones moral lifeConsequently, the common objections to actutilitarianism become unconvincing

Scientific explanations constitute the central content of the philosophy of scienceWith the focus of scientific explanations shifting from true and false judgments to relational interpretation of irrelevant propositions and the sweeping innovation of ChatGPT in technology, the development of scientific explanations is increasingly moving to the path of computabilityBased on this development prospect, this article explains the connotation and characteristics of context and its prescriptive role in scientific explanations, and further clarifies that contextual scientific explanations show a computational developmental trend in ideas of thinking, methodological reform and simulation of applicationBy explaining the relationship among different kinds of contextual knowledge and the contextual graph formed by such knowledge, the model constructing process of contextbased scientific explanations appearsThis process takes context as the framework and integrates the elements of formalization, modeling, and computability of scientific explanations, and provides theoretical support and methodological approach for the computational development of scientific explanationsBy summarizing the relationship among the factors of scientific explanation, context, and computability, this article indicates that scientific explanations are moving to the path of computability, which not only brings changes to the study of scientific explanation, but also promotes the innovation and growth of the philosophy of science