The Communist Party of China led Chinas revolutionary cause from a low to a high tide  during the Yan'an periodIn this process, the Communist Party of China carried out pioneering explorations and composed the“Yan'an chapter”in the construction of Chinas independent knowledge systemThrough its political leadership, the Communist Party of China promoted the application of Marxism in its Chinese context while inheriting the development of modern thoughts, and took a series of measures to encourage those who worked in philosophy and social sciences to explore Chinas independent knowledge systemThese theoretical reflections and practical explorations have laid a foundation for the development of philosophy and social sciences in Peoples Republic of China, which also remain as valuable references to the current construction of an independent knowledge system.

From the view of development economics, China's eradication of rural poverty could be attributed to inclusive growth, propoor reallocation, and developmentoriented poverty alleviationSuch analysis is insufficient in explaining Chinas success for its treating the various important factors as exterior causesTaking important factors with Chinese characteristics as endogenous variables and returning to the framework of state and market help explain more sufficiently why China could have eradicated absolute povertyCompared to efficient market and wellfunctioning government, the mechanism of eradicating rural poverty could be rephrased as created market and active governmentThe marketoriented reform has created nationwide grand market, and rural poverty alleviation program has created propoor local marketThese were decisive to eradicate absolute povertyThe active government took the responsibility of creating market and eradicating poverty on its own initiative in order to speed up poverty reductionThe mechanism of demanddriven resource allocation broke the western theoretical myth of allocating resources based on scarcity, and successfully crossed the socalled “last mile” in reducing poverty.

Against the backdrop of continuously delayed childbearing age and declining fertility intentions, this study integrates multiple explanatory frameworks for low fertility rates to illustrate both the universality and uniqueness of Chinas low fertility phenomenon through the dual lenses of its cultural context and social evolutionSpecifically, this study finds that the disembedding of traditional“family”culture from survivaldevelopment motivations has undermined the structural support for fertilityInteracting with new macroeconomic conditions, these factors intensify inherent conflicts within the jointdecision logic of fertilityThe destabilization of structural foundations and technological empowerment have cultivated individual agency to drive normative changes in fertility behaviorThis framework foreshadows that future measures to boost fertility should focus on reconstructing the embedded relationship between individuals and population structures while reconciling value orientations between fertility and developmentSuch an approach not only aligns with the intrinsic requirements for highquality population development but also epitomizes the unity of means and ends in advancing humancentered population modernization with Chinese characteristics.

Based on three environments of carbonemissionrelated policy, this article constructs an extended STIRPAT model with robots, and simulates how the environments of differentiated policy and the application of robots affect regional carbon peak statusThe findings reveal that most provinces struggle to achieve carbon peak under a relaxed policy environment, while the application of robots can propel some provinces toward favorable carbon peak attainment under a steady policy environment and most provinces would achieve their carbon peaks earlier and accelerate toward an economicenvironmental “winwin” outcome after enduring some economic losses under a stringent policy environmentCompared to the steady environment, robots play a smaller role in this scenarioThe suitability of policy environments and effectiveness of robots vary across provinces based on their emissionreduction capabilitiesThe advantages of using robots stem from the promotion of technological innovation, optimization of the resource allocation, and acceleration of upgrading the labor structureA region should cultivate a favorable environment of policy and fully deploy robots to achieve carbon peaks while ensuring an economicenvironmental winwin result.

To secure enough food supply is a major national strategy, but the policy measures aiming at guiding moderate scale agricultural operations and promoting agricultural modernization by developing newtype agricultural business entities have shown a tendency to raise land rental prices and induce nongrainizationThe results of this research show that the rapid development of newtype agricultural business entities under policy incentives and the competition for land transfer have led to a general increase in land transfer prices, thereby exacerbating the extant nongrainizationIn addition, there is a Ushaped relationship between land rental prices and land abandonment, indicating that excessively high land rental prices may lead to the problem of failing to find enough people to farmFurther evidence shows that competition among newtype agricultural business entities has reduced farmers enthusiasm for growing crops and exacerbated the trend of nongrainization in villagesCompared to professional largescale farmers and family farms, farmers cooperatives and agricultural enterprises are more likely to engage in nongrainizationThe policy of grain production functional zones has alleviated the problem of nongrainization caused by the development of newtype agricultural business entities and curbed the rise in land rental pricesIt is urgent to start from enhancing the synergy of agricultural policies, stimulating the enthusiasm of household management entities to produce grain, and improving the mechanism for the formation of land rental prices and firmly secure food supply.

Generative artificial intelligence; Publicly available personal information; Weakened protection; Restrictive interpretation

Regarding copyright protection for training data used in generative artificial intelligence, the theoretical approaches of the fair use doctrine, the fair use doctrine with reserved rights, the voluntary licensing doctrine, the statutory licensing doctrine, and the macroregulation doctrine all have certain merits with corresponding shortcomingsTo achieve a reasonable balance between the training needs of artificial intelligence companies and copyright protection, institutional arrangements should be made for the normative effect of use of works to train free and opensource generative artificial intelligenceMaking generative artificial intelligence free and available to the public serves the function of providing nonmonetary compensation to a vast amount of copyright owners of training worksTherefore, the use of the works to train free generative artificial intelligence should constitute fair useGiven the public interest nature of the databases of public works, database creators should enter into license agreements with artificial intelligence companies on fair, reasonable, and nondiscriminatory terms when the latter seek to use works from such databases for the purpose of training opensource generative artificial intelligenceDevelopers of free and opensource generative artificial intelligence should fulfill their obligations to obtain works legally during the work obtaining stage, to reasonably filter training works during the model training stage, and to receive notifications from copyright owners and take necessary measures to optimize the model during the model output stage in order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of copyright owners.

While driving structural changes in traditional social forms, the revolution of intelligent technology in the digital age has also triggered a modern transformation of the human rights paradigmUnder the impact of digital technology, the theory of traditional intergenerational human rights is unable to effectively explain the laws of crossdomain evolution and the structural integration capabilities of emerging digital human rights, and, thus, is confronted with the change of its current paradigmIt is necessary to develop new theories of human rights to address issues related to human rights in the application fields of digital technologyThe perspective of domainbased human rights is grounded on the intersection and integration of technology application and human rights protection, and is oriented towards domainspecific risks of those human rights violationsIn terms of the content, it focuses on enhancing the connection between individuals and society， and in terms of protection methods, it leverages the integrated protection system of domain law, effectively responding to the allround impact of digital technology on human rightsTo respond to the domainspecific risks of the digital technology application and the actual demands of digital human rights, it is necessary to clarify the protection scope and path of digital human rights under the guidance of the domainbased human rights theory，and to promote the construction of a knowledge system of domainbased human rights with Chinese characteristics.

Information serves as the cornerstone to build a nation's foundational capacityThe effective interplay between information and the state, society, and technological capabilities evolves into contextspecific informational agency in a given eraIn traditional state governance, the construction of a national covenant system was achieved through stipulations concerning oaths, population registers, genealogical records, and canonical writingsThis system sustained societal development and stabilityModern states incorporate power into rationally constructed domainsAligned to industrial mass production, specialized functional division of labor enhances state autonomyThe characteristics of rationalized information maintain the levels of performance across both state and societal systemsBureaucratic systems exhibit a preference for governing activities conducted through collective decisionmaking, formalized operations, and explicit proceduresAmidst digital transformation and escalating social risks, information has shifted from the metrics of singular performance to rich, visualized scenariosScenariobased governmental information demands heightened capacities for visual synthesis and judgmentWhen the presentation of information becomes the sole imperative, the informational spectacles will obscure social realities, and the meaning will be dictated by informational contextsGovernance must prioritize technoethical frameworks to circumvent the false prosperity of a“digital leviathan.”

In Capital and its manuscripts, the term “vulgar” is not derogatory or antiscientific. Rather, it is an analytical concept used by Marx in his critique of specific bourgeois economics. However, neither the phenomenalismcentered interpretation nor the mainstream doublemeaning theory can fully elaborate on the critical connotations of “vulgar” In fact, the vulgarity of vulgar economics encompasses three progressive theoretical dimensionsFirst, in terms of its theoretical content, this term refers to superficial phenomenal descriptions rejecting essential analysis based on the labor theory of valueSecond, in terms of its theoretical essence, this term refers to the theorized bourgeois ideology (including bourgeois apologetics and class conciliationism) constructed based on the practical concepts of bourgeoisieThird, in terms of its theoretical intent, this term refers to the inherent tendency to naturalize, absolutize, and eternalize the capitalist mode of productionThe logical progressive relationship among them is that the latter dimension is based on the former one and constitutes a specific explanation and an indepth interpretation of the formerIn the contemporary world where vulgar economics still prevails, reinterpreting Marxs concept of “vulgar” can help promote indepth research on the historical view of Marxist economic thought, resisting the erosion and penetration of vulgar economics into the theory and the cause of scientific socialism, and demonstrating the contemporary and practical value of Marxs critical theory directed toward vulgar economics.

The development of logic in premodern China started from rectifying names, a practice of political management of restoring rituals in the beginning, and then evolving into the theory on names and argumentThe theory on names and argument explains reasons through analogies with many argumentation skillsThe core concept of the theory of names and argument is category, which is a generalization of the universal conceptThere are two modes of reasoning, both of which include classification, classifying, comparison with analogy, and reasoning by analogy, and both of which obey the principle of class similarityPremodern Chinese logicians did not make a clear distinction between these two modelsNeither did they make a clear distinction between deduction and nondeduction, which made the theory of reasoning by class limited in seeking truths, yet more suitable for literary and artistic creation and the exploration of goodnessThese features are rooted in the fact that the theory of reasoning by class is not based on a proper conceptual framework, and the classes it needs to process include lots of actionevent classesAll these hinder people from transforming the theory of Three Categories into the system of inference rules, and, as a result, limit the development of premodern Chinese logic theoriesThis is in sharp contrast with the western logic theories, which starts from the exploration of the primitive and has a complete conceptual system as the foundationThe latter rely on the predication structure to explore the general laws of the predication relation, which is suitable for seeking truths in scientific research.

The depiction of rural temples in contemporary novels concretely narrates the cultural politics of Chinas rural transformation and the construction of national identityBy dramatizing ritual performances within village temples, these narratives generate contrasting images of peasant livelihood, thereby illustrating the inevitability of modernstate penetration into the countrysideThe renovation of temple spaces and the diffusion and redirection of their functions signify the evolution of various forms of the new rural community, implicitly revealing the logic of governing presenceRural temples may be metaphorically framed as the negative residues of traditional culture in need of critique, as markers of ethnic cultural identity, or as cultural heritage subject to developmentThe dynamic shifts in these metaphorical connotations demonstrate the nationalization of “local knowledge” reproduction and reflect the states ambivalent engagement with local culture and traditional resourcesEngaging with the literary representation of rural temples in contemporary fiction thus not only offers a concrete perception of the rural reform histories and the modalities of the construction of national identity, but also illuminates how the authors strategically craft narrative spaces and select imagery to forge intimate and profound connections with their subject matter.

Previous scholarship on the studies of the Book of Poetry in the Song dynasties has some formulaic narrativesMost studies would agree that early Song scholars rigidly adhered to Han and Tang traditions, and during the Qingli period of the Northern Song, scholars doubted the classics and reformed the tradition, and the Southern Song scholars interpreted the Book of Poetry through a NeoConfucianism understandingThese narratives have indeed shaped the paradigm of the academic history, but at the same time obscured peoples understanding of the complete picture of the studies on the Book of Poetry during that timeThe trend of doubting the classics that arose from the midTang dynasty and the revival of Confucian classics studies led by the government in the early Song indicate that this trend of doubting the classics did not begin in the Qingli period and cannot be regarded as a unique feature of the critique of the traditionThe Song studies on the Book of Poetry contain a large amount of philological exegesis, and even the NeoConfucian interpretations represented by Zhu Xi has showed a trace of empirical thinkingThis label of doubting the classics constantly faces counterexamplesBy stepping outside certain narrative formulas and starting from the most essential nature of the Book of Poetry, it will be revealed that the Song studies on the Book of Poetry represent a new shift toward an academic pursuit for the original meaning of the poems characterized by a principle that did not concern itself with “the ancient or modern, new or old, and only valuing what is appropriate”During the Song Dynasties, the learning of the royal officials and the traditional interpretations of the classics gave way to individuals, shedding the political function of remonstrationYet, this interpretation did not exclude philological and textual researchThe studies on the Book of Poetry during the Song could be both an intellectual endeavor and a moral study aiming at achieving worthiness and sagacity.