Accelerating the construction of an independent knowledge system for gerontology in China can not only clarify the unique value of gerontology in addressing the challenges of population aging, inheriting the culture of supporting the elders and improving the system of philosophy and social sciences, but is also of great significance for promoting theoretical innovation, serving scientific decisionmaking and enhancing international influenceDifferent from the mainstream knowledge system of gerontology in the West and the traditional gerontological research in China under its influence, the independent knowledge system has distinct characteristics known as being rooted in the aged society stage, emphasizing the awareness of local issues, standing on the perspective dealing with all issues, achieving deep integration of disciplines, adhering to positive value orientations, and contributing to the process of Chinese modernizationThe construction of a knowledge system requires longterm hard work, not only having opportunities of development brought by policy support and other factors, but also confronted by practical challenges such as bottlenecks of theoretical innovationGuided by the Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, it is necessary to establish two premises, build three major systems, address three categories of issues, and follow four principles in order to forge an independent path for gerontological study with Chinese characteristics, style, and spirit.

Starting from the iconic concept of National Economy on the basis of the analysis of the history of economic thought and economic history, this study systematically elaborates the developmental context of National Economics from the iconic concept to its being part of the independent knowledge systemGuided by the Xi Jinping Thought on Economics, led by the new development philosophy and the common prosperity goal, National Economics in the new era has a value orientation of the dialectical unity between the state and the peopleEmphasizing the dual rationality of both the government and individuals, National Economics adheres to the integration of an efficient market and an effective government to form an analytical framework for the operational laws of the socialist market economic systemBased on the basic socialist economic system, National Economics has summarized a set of tools for national economic governance, including policy tools with macroeconomic governance as the core, distribution policies under the concept of tertiary distribution, and Chinas system of national accouns fully implementing the SNA.

Institutions of technological transfer are frequently confronted with systemic conflicts between the tripartite institutional logics of politics, market and scienceThis leads to the “valley of death” in technological commercialization, and, thus, hinders the deep integration of scientific innovation with industrial innovationAs institutional entities bridging such division, the new research and development institutions integrate these three logics through systemic innovation, and enable the synthetization of the talent chains, the capital chains, the industrial chains, and the innovation chainsBased upon the institutional logic theory, this article constructs an analytical framework called “the institutional logic integration and the four chains synthetization”Using the Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute as a study case, this study examines the challenges of integrating scientific and technological innovation with industrial innovationIt reveals that through such institutional design as the doubletrack governance including public institution and corporate entity, the combination of the grants with investments, project manager systems, and joint innovation centers enables the institute to form a complex governing system characterized for the structural separation and process couplingThis effectively achieves dynamic equilibrium among the three logics within a single organizationThis novel institution systematically empowers the four chainsIts flexible talent recruitment strengthens the chain of talent, its innovative fiscal instruments activate the chain of capital, its technological spillovers and the enterprise incubation enhance the industrial chain, the demanddriven research and development bridge the chain of innovation.

To facilitate the efficient transformation of major scientific and technological achievements is a crucial goal in Chinas current stage of developmentWhile academic startups serve as key vehicles for this transformation, they are often confronted with survival challenges known as the “Valley of Death”This study conducts a longitudinal case study on the TsIntergy Technology to explore how the strategic dominant logic and business model of an academic startup dynamically jointly drive the transformation of scientific and technological achievementsThis study reveals, as follows, (1) the transformation process of the academic startup evolved through three stages, with its strategic dominant logic shifting accordingly from an adaptive to a transitional and finally to a shaping logic, while its business model synchronously adapted to these changes; (2) the strategic dominant logic, as a cognitive framework, guides the structural design and resource allocation of the business model, while the business model refines the cognitive logic through practical feedbacksThis bidirectional cognitionarchitecture synergy system collectively drives the leaps in the effectiveness of the transformation of scientific and technological achievement; and (3) the underlying mechanism of this synergy lies in dynamically balancing the tension of legitimacy between the identities of scientist and entrepreneur, thereby fundamentally shifting the logic of value creation from technologyfocused to business ecosystemoriented.

SRDI(Specialized, Refined, Differential, Innovative) firms often experience stagnation in increasing their profit triggered by the “specialization paradox” To address this issue, they need to adopt a “Tshaped growth model”, through which they further develop their core technologies to achieve technological specialization while expanding the application domains to realize the scenario diversification in order to shift the singleproduct development to a multiproduct developmentThis study finds that SRDI firms respond to the complexity of heterogeneous learning activities and resource conflicts in multiproduct development through three learning orchestration mechanisms: specifying tonal activities, creating a rhythm of learning, and coordinating learning across episodesSpecifically, firms articulate a clear learning direction and define priority relationships among learning activities, thereby specifying tonal activities that guide the entire product development processWithin individual projects, firms sequence learning activities and regulate their intensity to create a rhythm of learningAcross projects, firms coordinate learning across episodes by staggering and aligning activities over time to reduce resource conflicts.

In the digital era, financial regulation faces prominent challenges such as insufficient financial stability data, unfair consumer protection, and limited market data sharingThis paper advances the core proposition of the “Data Foundation of Financial Regulation,” aiming to explain how data can optimize resource allocation to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of financial regulationThe study constructs the DIKA conceptual framework, composed of “DataInformationKnowledgeAction,” and deconstructs the legal system of financial regulation by focusing on the imbalanced power relations arising from financial data flowsThrough an analysis of international financial governance and regulatory reforms following the financial crisis, this paper argues that the data foundation of financial regulation should adhere to three fundamental principles: coordinated circulation, equitable access, and integrated reuseIt further calls for an innovation in the philosophy of financial rule of law by adjusting the external relationship between financial law and data law, deepening the concept of ongoing supervision, and balancing principlesbased and rulesbased regulationIn terms of institutional innovation, the paper proposes establishing a duallayer system for the coordinated circulation of financial stability data, ensuring equitable data access through a centralized data supply model, and improving the institutional framework for the integrated reuse of financial data.

The decisions and resolutions with legal effect made by the National Peoples Congress (henceforth NPC) and its Standing Committee in respect of important or specific matters of the country play an important normative role in the national and social life of China, but there are also such practical problems as the unclear basis for formulation, unclear boundaries of the scope of the matter, and the nonstandardization of the formulating procedureThe cause of these problems lies in the unclear positioning of the nature of NPCs decisionsIn fact, the relationship between NPCs decisions and the law or the legal nature of NPCs decisions is not clearIn this regard, the drafters of the Constitution and practitioners of legislation have tried their best, yet failed to resolve the issues effectivelyThe legal nature of a NPCs decision must be judged in the light of its substance and enactmentAccording to the requirement of the creativity of legal norms, NPCs decisions can be divided into normative creation of decision and normative application of decision combined with the distinction between the legislative bodys legal creation and functions of legal applicationThe delineation of the nature of NPCs decisions provides a theoretical basis for effectively responding to such practical issues as the scope of application, the definition of effectiveness and the formulating procedures of NPCs decisions, strengthening and improving the institutional mechanism for the formulation and operation of NPCs decisions, and promoting the institutionalization and standardization of NPCs decisions.

As a basic principle guiding the positioning of the level of social insurance benefits in Chinas Social Insurance Law, the meaning of the principle of“protecting the basic”is less than clearIn terms of income security benefits, the principle of“protecting the basic”seems to naturally lead to a textual interpretation of this principle as the guarantee for minimum subsistence, but this does not match the current overall level of social insurance benefits in ChinaSeen from the perspective of institutional function and basic jurisprudence, a reasonable gradient of difference should be maintained between the benefit levels of the social insurance law and the social assistance lawIn order to uphold the“insurance principle”as a prerequisite for the legitimacy of compulsory social insurance and to give full play to the institutional value of the social insurance law in terms of economic security, it is necessary to make a conceptual distinction between“basic living security”in the social insurance law and“the guarantee for basic subsistence”in the social assistance lawThe basic living security in the social insurance law can be understood as the “incomerelated level,” and be further differentiated in accordance with the institutional logic of the social insurance for employees and the social insurance for residentsThe former should be realized by setting a reasonable wage replacement rate, while the latter can take the per capita income level of urban and rural residents as the referential base for entitlements, so as to at least provide an accessible system that can meet the basic living needs of urban and rural residents.

In the early 19th century, the central task of Western philosophy consisted in a critical confrontation with Hegels philosophy of reasonIn the fragments of the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 devoted to the critique of Hegel, Marx carries out a twofold operationHe not only transforms Hegels philosophy of spirit into a praxisoriented materialism, but also brings to light a series of nonrational factors in history, whose meaning can only be disclosed through a careful reordering and reinterpretation of the manuscript pagesIn these fragments, Marx employs “rational selfconsciousness” as a cipher for the laboring human being and thereby identifies two fundamental dimensions of human nonrationality, that is, passively endured suffering and passionThe nonrational elements of modern society are complex and contradictoryThey comprise both the suffering arising from the insufficient development of private property and the bourgeois passion for developing private property, as well as the suffering produced by fully developed private property and the passion of crude communism directed against capitalFaced with these two opposed passions, Marx articulates the double character of the object, ie., the object as nonego and the object as egoThe object as nonego reveals the merely illusory character of Hegels conciliatory compromiseThe object as ego, however, implies that economic, political, and cultural objects cannot be rashly discarded or destroyed; rather, Hegels attitude of Aufhebung must be retained and radicalizedExcavating these insights from the disordered and fragmentary manuscript may contribute to a deeper reflection on certain problems that emerged in the 20thcentury international communist movement.

Both direct and indirect evidence indicate a fundamental connection between Heideggers philosophy and agricultureThis connection is reflected not only in his philosophys engagement with the essence of agriculture, which enabled the formation of a philosophy of agriculture, but also in his adherence to a phenomenological method consistently insisting on reduction in both technological critique and etymological interpretation and outlining the prototype of a phenomenological philosophy of agricultureFrom a phenomenological perspective, this philosophy of agriculture not only reduces modern technology but also reduces ethicsThe former reduces agricultural philosophy to the cultivating relationship between farmers and the land, laying a foundation for the introduction of MerleauPontys phenomenology of flesh perceptionIn terms of the latter, both Heideggers original concept of “dwelling” and the “fourfold” established in his later philosophy facilitate the construction of a universal ethics that accommodates nonhuman entities by suspending ethics and its anthropocentrismIt is precisely these two reductions that make phenomenological philosophy of agriculture a vital resource for ecological philosophy, thereby establishing its interdisciplinary statusExamining Heideggers philosophy from an agricultural perspective provides not only a basis for the relevant topics it involves, but also new references for the philosophy of agriculture, thereby deepening the understanding of Heideggers identity as a peasant.

The socalled“literary selfconsciousness”of the Wei, Jin, and the Northern and Southern Dynasties periods signifies not only the awakening of authorial consciousness, but also the rise of consciousness of the readerHypothetical essays functioned as a means for literati to respond to social evaluation and guide textual interpretation by constructing dialogues between their authors and the expected readersCommentaries functioned more than an aid for the reader to understand the textsThey became a method for annotators to generate textual meaningFurthermore, Prefaces created multiple contexts depending on the shifting identities of their writersWhether acting as a narrator to interpret a work, as an author to clarify their own intentions, or as an editor to instruct future generations, the preface writers either provided various references for the reader or intentionally misled the authorThe mediaeval literati actively participated in text making by playing different roles, for example, as the author, the commentator, and the preface writer complicating the relationship between reading and writingThis highlights the cultural implications behind the phenomenon of “literary selfconsciousness” during the Wei, Jin, and the Northern and Southern Dynasties periods.

The Confucian classics present two accounts of the“heartmind of heaven and earth”The“heartmind of heaven and earth”mentioned in the Book of Changes refers to a transcendent, eternal“heartmind of heaven and earth”manifested in the saying that“there is only one Principle”,while the“heartmind of heaven and earth”in the Book of Rites emphasizes the“many manifestations”of the“heartmind of heaven and earth”after the emergence of all things distributed in both human and natural worldsIn the discourse of the Song and Ming School of Principle, the sages heartmind is often regarded as the “heartmind of heaven and earth”Scholars from the School of Heartmind aimed to bridge the gap between ordinary people and the sages by equating the human heartmind with the“heartmind of heaven and earth”They also adopted another approach grounded in the relationship between the parental heartmind and the“heartmind of heaven and earth”By demonstrating that filiality and reverence for ones parents stem from the parental heartmind, they connected filial piety with the “heartmind of heaven and earth”in order to resolve the tension between the two interpretations of the“heartmind of heaven and earth”Both approaches employ the model that“there is only one Principle, yet its manifestations are many”in their explanations.