“天道”“人事”与“文心”的辩证统一关系，以及文人对这种关系的解释与运用，对当时的社会秩序、政治统治、皇权巩固起到了重要作用。这是秦汉文艺思想的基本内涵。“批判”与“重建”，是秦汉文艺思想的本质，也是整个中国古代文学与历史发展、演变的学术外因。文化、学术上带来的思想领域的“新”“旧”之争，为文艺的批判与重建提供了理论前提，同时也是秦汉文艺思想革新的学术内因。研究秦汉文艺思想史，就是要努力揭示秦汉文人“批判”与“重建”的成效，为当下文艺思想研究的创造性转化与创新性发展提供借鉴。

The relationship of natural law，human affairs and literary mind had been used by scholars of Qin and Han Dynasties to maintain the law of the society,politics and imperial authority,which was the basic connotation of literary thoughts of Qin and Han DynastiesThe character of literary thoughts of Qin and Han Dynasties was criticism and reconstruction that was also an academic external cause of development for Chinese literature and historyAcademic and cultural contradictions of new and old ideas were theoretical prerequisites for criticism and reconstruction on literary thoughts,which were also academic internal factors for literary innovationIt was a task for the history of literary thoughts to reveal the effects of criticism and reconstruction by scholars of Qin and Han Dynasties,which could help us create innovative development and creative transformation of literary study today