从哲学视角看，学者们有关政策过程研究的重大分歧主要来源于对政策过程的事实看法差异，以及由此所导致的认识论和方法论偏见。拉斯韦尔是政策科学范式的主要倡导者，他希望用科学的方法来研究公共政策。马约内和费希尔倡导“论证转向”，主张用协商、话语、说服等方式对政策进行探索。随着两种范式之间争论的加剧，很多学者开始尝试进行融合。由于本体论争论的不可化约性，这使得统一范式的追求没有取得预期效果，范式之间竞争、学习与合作仍然是未来公共政策研究的主导方向。

From the perspective of philosophy, the divergences of public policy research originated from the perception of facts of the policy process, which would result in the bias of epistemology and methodologyAs the founding father of policy oriented research, Lasswell advocated the policy sciences paradigm and wanted to study public policy with scientific methodsMajone and Fischer are the founding fathers of argumentative turn paradigm, who argued that we should explore the policy world through negotiation, dialogue and persuasionWith the conflicts between the two paradigms of policy sciences and argumentative turns, more and more scholars try to integrate the two paradigmsAs for the nonreductionism of ontology, the unifications of paradigm could not realize their goalsSo the competition, learning and cooperation among different paradigms are still the future trends of policy studies