The "Chinese Rites Controversy" is a great hit of Chinese culture and Christian culture in the early days of Qing dynasty. For various historical reasons,the controversy among Christian orders becomes that of politics and religion between Chinese emperors and Roman Popes. The divergence cannot be mediated for the different understanding of religion in Chinese and western cultural tradition. The subjective and uncompromising attitude of Roman Vatican finally makes the contradiction intensified into resistance,which leads to the prohibition of religion in Qing Dynasty. The result of the "Chinese Rites Controversy" exerts a far-reaching negative influence on the process of Chinese modernization.