The Black Death, an unprecedented calamity in history, had a great impact on European Culture. It ideologically and politically accelerated the decline of the Catholic Church, thus provided a favorable environment for the sprout of concepts and values of Renaissance. Meanwhile, the plague broke the deadlock of population, which in the long run was advantageous to the development of economics and the improvement of technology. In this way it paved the material way for the cultural revival. When Europe emerged from the shadow of the plague, there followed humanism, individualism, secularism and new trend of literature. The Black Death may not be the direct cause of these, it, however, acted as a catalyst for the transition of European culture.