To promote socialist new-countryside construction scientifically,we need scientific realization on situation of peasants and countryside.China General Social Survey(CGSS)provides systematic data for comprehensive realization on peasants' basic demand and idea to new-countryside construction.The survey data displays that six main relative depriving demands of peasants are increasing income,releasing burden,strengthening infrastructure,reforming social security system,improving public administration,and developing culture and education.The main expecting demands of peasants are social insurances and security,agriculture subsidy,infrastructure construction,education or training.The main factors having effects on those demands are peasants' dependence on agriculture,decreasing of non-agricultural income opportunity,and little supply of social security and public goods in countryside.