For a long time,there is a basic methodological mistake in the comparison between Chinese philosophy and Western philosophy.That is to say,people wrongly read chronological cultural differences as local cultural differences,and observe Chinese philosophy and Western philosophy in the perspective of local culture.So,it causes that Chinese philosophy and Western philosophy cannot communicate each other essentially.This paper not only explains the reason of this mistake,but also argues for the chronological element in Chinese philosophy and Western philosophy,as well as the universal cultural characteristics of ancient world in Chinese philosophy and Western philosophy.Furthermore,as regards reasons,especially theoretical reason and scientific reason,well known as the tradition of Western culture,this paper emphatically points out that it also sprouted in Chinese ancient times,and also was just a seed in Western ancient times.At last,this paper provides a universal cultural perspective which surpasses that local model of cultural comparison.