In the academic contention of Marx s theory of justice over the last 4 decades, new Hegelian historical analysis and analytical Marxist  moral argumentation, proceeding separately from historical inevitability and moral validity, presented Marxs historical materialist foundation and moral dimension of Marx s theory of justice. Learning from the rational connotation of the two types of thinking mentioned above, exploring the moral argument approach based on historical inevitability, constructing Marxist theory of social justice consistent with Chinese conditions and Chinese cultural characters and turning the ideal into reality are the actual needs required by the deepening of the comprehensive reform. It can be seen that, promoting modern transformation of Chinese traditional views of justice, clarifying Chinese context of Marxist theory of social justice, perfecting the system environment for social justice, thus enabling each member of the society to feel the enlightenment of justice, are not only inevitable choices of constructing socialist harmonious society, but also spirit signposts that can not be exceeded in achieving an ideal society in the future.