The Tang Dynasty is an important historical era in ancient China in terms of social security. The social security thoughts in the Tang Dynasty not only reflected the thinking of emperors, ministers and the like, but also include their objective views on the causes of poverty and the rational ways they proposed for tackling such problems. The institutional social security system established in the Tang Dynasty consisted of social assistance system, social preferential treatments and social welfare system. Uninstitutional social security was set up alongside, which included clan assistance, neighborhood assistance, organization assistance and religious and personal charity. The social security administration system contained organizations and officials at all levels, legal systems concerned, enforcement and supervising bodies.