实体主义和现象主义是贯穿西方哲学发展的一条主线。西方哲学从古希腊开始就以求知求真为其主题。这种知识主义必然发展为实体主义。实体主义作为西方传统哲学的主要思维模式,以世界的二重化为前提,以追求世界万物的根底——本质为宗旨。康德开创了西方哲学的现象主义路线,以现象思维取代实体思维,是对实体主义的超越。在现代西方哲学的转向中,现象主义主要是围绕反对主客二分和本质主义的形而上学开展的。

Substantialism and phenomenologism are the main clues that runs through the development of western philosophy. From ancient Greece on, pursuing knowledge and truth has been the motif of western philosophy. Inevitably, this epistemologism will run to substantialism, which is the metaphysical foundation of the former. As the central thinking mode, substantialism is to divide the world into two parts, the major idea of which is after the root of things-substance- and substantial knowledge. It is Kant who turned the direction and led western philosophy into the road of phenomenologism that replaces substantial thinking with phenomenological ones. From the perspective of phenomenologism, knowledge is not to pursue the essence and substance of the world, but to reach the universality and objectivity of phenomena, which is transcendence over substantialism. In modern humanism philosophy, phenomenologism develops rapidly, with being against the dichotomy of subject and object and the essentialism of traditional philosophy as its central theme, and that's the main feature of the transition of modern philosophy.