由于没有相应的制度约束,财政分权制使中国在获益的同时,也导致了地方保护和市场分割。地方政府间的策略行为是地方保护和市场分割形成的重要因素。但除了地方保护因素之外,还存在着自然的市场分割因素。因此,可以将地方保护分解为合理的地方保护和不合理的地方保护,将市场分割分解为由地方保护形成的市场分割,以及由运输费用、风俗习惯等非地方保护因素形成的自然市场分割。自然市场分割水平在相当长的时期内是难以改变的。为了促进我国统一市场的建设,应该实施向经济落后地区进行财政转移支付、地方政府从竞争性产业中退出及相关的司法体制改革等制度安排。

Because of the absence of correspondent institutional stipulation,the decentralized economic reform makes China benefited,and results in local protection and market segmentation as well.The formation mechanism of local protection and market segmentation mainly results from the interaction of local government.Local protection can be further decomposed into reasonable protection and unreasonable protection,and market segmentation can be decomposed into segmentation from local protection and "natural market segmentation".Our policy suggestion on how to eliminate unreasonable local protection is to practise fiscal transfer to poor regions and reform the present judicial system.In addition,local government should completely exit from the competitive industries.