民事再审作为既判力原则的法定例外,是对法院既判案件的再次审判,以纠正在诉讼程序上有重大违法或裁判基础资料有严重缺陷的确定判决和生效裁定,为当事人提供最后的诉讼救济机会。民事再审原理包括民事再审的本质和目的、民事再审之诉的标的、与既判力原则的关系、再审之诉的要件和再审程序的基本构造等。

Reopening a civil judgment,which is legal exception to Res judicata,is to correct decided judgments that have big illegal issues in procedural of substantial laws,and leave parties with the last chance of judicial remedy.This thesis explains and discusses the jurisprudence of modern reopening civil judgments,which contains its nature,purposes,subject-matter,its relationship with Res judicata,essential conditions,and basic procedural structure,etc.