明晰国土空间治理中的央地关系是国家治理体系与治理能力现代化建设的客观要求，是推进生态文明建设与体制改革的重要保障，也是当前国土空间规划、国土空间用途管制等一系列制度改革的深水区。我们立足于交叉学科的研究视角，应用“区域—要素”统筹的分析框架，探讨国土空间治理领域中中央政府和地方政府互动的基本逻辑与纵向体系建构的核心问题，提出“区域—要素”统筹是理顺央地事权关系、搭建现代化国土空间治理体系的关键，进而在“区域—要素”统筹的理论框架下提出旨在“区域功能有序”的央地协同机制和“要素有效管控”的央地事权分工方案。未来我国国土空间治理体系现代化的关键在于：权责清晰，形成各级政府权责分明的制度化分权模式；底线思维，加强中央政府对安全风险与空间结构的底线管控与局部聚焦；协同共治，以自然资源管理为支撑的区域统筹治理将成为央地协同的重要途径。

Clarifying the central-local governmental relationship in territorial spatial governance is an objective requirement for the modernization of the system and capacity of state governanceTo successfully clarify this relationship is also necessary for the construction of ecological civilization and for the reform of the current systemIt is a key issue for a series of institutional reforms, including the planning, usage, and regulation of current territorial spaceBased on an interdisciplinary analytical framework, this article explores the basic logic of the interaction between the central and local governments in the field of territorial spatial governance as well as the core problems regarding the construction of a vertical systemThe “region-element” coordination is key to deal with the centrallocal relationship to build a modernized system of territorial spatial governanceThis article also puts forward the central-local mechanism aiming to achieve “orderly regional functions” and the central-local division aiming to achieve “effective control of elements” In this regard, the reform of the system of China's territorial spatial governance should focus on the following points: (1) balance rights and responsibilities to form a model of institutionalized decentralization in which rights match their due responsibilities of governments at all levels; (2) think about the bottom line to strengthen the control of and focus on security risks and spatial structure by the central government; (3) coordinate to make regional governance that is supported by the management of natural resource become an important position to improve the relationship between the central and local governments.