改革开放40年来，中国的出版业进行了一系列以问题为导向的体制改革。出版体制改革所要着力解决的主要问题包括四个方面：通过供求关系、价格、资本市场、生产要素、市场体系等改革举措充分发挥市场在出版资源配置中的决定性作用；逐步打开市场准入壁垒，在出版领域构建以公有制为主体、多种所有制形式共同参与出版活动的所有制结构；明确出版单位的市场主体地位，建立既符合精神生产规律又与社会主义市场经济体制相适应的微观运行机制；通过加强和改善宏观管理体制、建立出版公共服务体系、强化市场监管等举措更好地发挥政府的作用。这四个问题都是带有全局性、根本性和关键性的问题，这些问题的解决为我国出版业的发展和繁荣提供了保障。

In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, Chinas publishing industry has undergone a series of problemoriented institutional reforms. The problems to be solved in the reform of the publishing system include four aspects: firstly, give full play to the markets decisive role in the allocation of publishing resources through reform measures of supply and demand, price, capital market, production factors, market system, and so forth. Secondly, gradually clear market access barriers in the publishing field, constructing the ownership structure with public sector as the main body and multiple forms of ownership to participate in publishing activities.Thirdly, identify the market subject status of publishing units, and establish a microoperational mechanism that conforms to the laws of spiritual production and is compatible with the socialist market economic system. Fourthly, enable the government to better play its role by way of the improvement of the macro management system, the establishment of a public service system for publication, and the strengthening of market supervision. All these issues are overall, fundamental and crucial ones. The successful resolving of these issues would provide guarantee for the reform, development and prosperity of Chinas publishing industry.